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Diet Kit - Platinum
DK3
(varies Day Supply)
IN STOCK - YES
What is Diet Kit Platinum? The Platinum Diet Kit is designed to give you carb blocking capabilities and a gentle lift of your metabolism to lower your caloric intake and increase your calorie metabolism. Platinum Diet Kit contains Two bottles Phase 2 Starch Blocker, which helps to inhibit the body's production of the starch-digesting enzyme, alpha-amylase, PLUS one bottle Guarana Seed Extract, which serves as an appetite suppressant, PLUS one bottle Chitosan HD, PLUS one bottle L-Carnitine Fumarate
Who Should Consider Diet Kit Platinum? The Platinum Diet Kit: A Carb Blocker Plus Metabolism Lift Plus Fat Absorber Plus Fat Burner/Energy Improver at a special package price.
The Platinum Diet Kit is designed to give you carb blocking capabilities and a gentle lift of your metabolism to lower your caloric intake and increase your calorie metabolism. Plus, a special Chitosan fiber which may aid in fat absorption.
To be sure you never run out of your favorite products, we now offer our exclusive
Convenience Plan. This plan guarantees delivery of our
high quality products directly
to your door exactly when you need them. Additionally, you receive our lowest price on
each order. It is simple, convenient and free! And, you can change, add to, suspend or
cancel shipments at any time!
Background on Products in the Platinum Diet Kits
What Is a Starch Blocker / Carb Blocker?
Supplements sold as "starch blockers" or "carb blockers" are really starch-enzyme blockers; they inhibit the body's production of the starch-digesting enzyme, alpha-amylase. With lessened amounts of alpha-amylase, the body is less able to break down starches (carbohydrates) into sugar (glucose) for further digestion. That's how starch blockers work - at least on a theoretical level. Phaseolamin Phase 2™ (Phaseolus vulgaris extract) starch blocker is an alpha-amylase inhibitor.
Do Starch Blockers / Carb Blockers Work?
Scientists have been aware of various alpha-amylase inhibitors for decades, but up until recent studies of Phase 2 starch blocker, these products have not been shown to work all that well. A number of factors may have explained why: there was not enough alpha-amylase-blocking activity from these products, they did not work well in the body, they contained endogenous alpha-amylase in sufficient quantity to overcome their alpha-amylase-inhibiting effects, or another enzyme, glucoamylase, was able to take over when alpha-amylase is inhibited. Whatever the problem, fecal-calorie tests demonstrated that they did not work very well at blocking the digestion of starch (an increase in fecal starch content, and therefore, caloric value would be apparent since the starch should pass through undigested1) in vivo (in the body). Nevertheless, most of these alpha-amylase inhibitors have been shown to work in vitro (in a test tube), which left scientists frustratingly just out of reach of the "holy grail" of diet products.
Phaseolamin Phase 2™ Starch Blocker
As it turns out, according to subsequent research,2 the reason why alpha-amylase inhibitors work in vitro but not very well in vivo is that they have only weak inhibiting ability. However, partially purified extracts (around 30-40 times the concentration of previously available commercial preparations) of Phaseolus vulgaris (white kidney beans) are stable in the stomach and based on current evidence do seem to slow or hinder the absorption of carbohydrate-based calories. One such product is Phaseolamin Phase 2™.
Phaseolamin Phase 2™ Starch Blocker Compared to Placebo
An alpha-amylase inhibitor present in Phaseolus vulgaris (white kidney beans), is the best alpha-amylase inhibitor currently available. Phase 2 Phaseolamin brand Phaseolus vulgaris extract has been demonstrated effective against a placebo through randomized clinical tests conducted at the University of Scranton, PA.3,4,5,6 While this information seems very promising, we should point out that these studies, while well constructed and some are done under a double-blind placebo structure (scientifically the most rigorous), are limited in scope. Further large population studies are needed to say definitively that Phase 2 aids in both short term and long term weight loss. Phase 2™ Phaseolamin brand Phaseolus vulgaris extract is the finest Phaseolus vulgaris extract we know of and the only Starch / Carb Blocker we sell.
What Results Can Be Expected with Phaseolamin Phase 2™ Carb Blocker?
How much weight can you expect to lose? Individual results vary. Test subjects in a controlled clinical setting using this product (Phaseolamin Phase 2™ Starch / Carb Blocker) lost 3.9% of their total body weight and 10.45% of body fat mass, in 30 days, without reducing lean tissue mass, as compared to a placebo group.4 This translates to a 7.8 pound reduction for someone starting at 200 pounds of body weight, in 30 days. This is not only a good result, it is a healthy pace at which to lose weight. That said, you may have seen ads for starch blockers that tell you it is OK to go ahead and eat all the bread, potatoes, rice and pasta you want. That's silly - if you are already having trouble managing your weight because of starch why would you INCREASE your consumption of starches? If you eat enough carbs or starch, regardless of the amount of Phase 2 that you take, you will gain weight and gain fat. Rather, continue as you are, trying to control your diet in a healthy manner and ADD Phase 2 Carb / Starch Blocker to give your self an edge on improving your physique rather than satisfying an unhealthy craving.
Phaseolamin Phase 2™ Starch Blocker and Blood Sugar Levels
Maybe even more interesting than Phase 2™'s starch-blocking ability is that, since starches are quickly converted to sugar, those subjects taking Phase 2™ Phaseolamin did not experience as dramatic a "spike" in blood glucose levels after consuming a starchy food.3,5 (A starchy foods' readiness to convert to sugar can be rated relative to other foods - this places the food on the "glycemic index", the more readily converted starches scoring higher than the more slowly converted starches.) This is no mere detail as many Hypoglycemic and Type II Diabetes sufferers are acutely aware - preventing blood sugar spikes can be very valuable. The patients who took the Phaseolus extract experienced a return to normal blood glucose levels 20 minutes earlier than the placebo group, and their maximum blood glucose levels after eating a starch were measured at one-half to two-thirds the levels of those subjects receiving placebo.3,5
Recommended Phase 2 Starch Blocker Usage
Since the objective is to block the amylase enzyme, at least two capsules must be taken at once. If you take only one, you will not receive half the benefit, but none at all. Think of this as you would think of turning off a gas grill: if its valve is not entirely closed, gas can still be ignited. Here the amylase enzyme is the "gas" - you must turn it off (block it) completely. Two capsules will be enough Phase 2™ to achieve this goal. At least 15 minutes prior to your first meal will ensure that the Phase 2™ inhibitor has had time to work.
The studies performed in Scranton were done on subjects taking 2 pills in the morning and that's all. It may be that you can take more throughout the day, after all it is a bean extract and very safe.
What Is Guarana?
The ground seed kernel of the tropical plant, Paullinia Cupana var. Sorbilis.
For What Is Guarana Used?
Appetite suppressant
Smoking cessation
Stimulant
Pain relief
Commercially as a flavoring in soft drinks
The first record of the use of Guaraná dates all the way back to 1669! It was this year that a Jesuit missionary named J. Felipe Betendorf visited an area deep in the Amazon Basin where the Maué Indians were found using it as a daily tonic/stimulant. These Indians and the white settlers who lived with them lauded the beverage for its ability to ward off headaches, relieve cramps and fevers, and as an aphrodisiac. Maybe most responsible for its popularity was the belief by these people that their daily usage helped to prevent malaria and dysentery. It is still consumed today for all of these reasons.
How Does Guarana Work?
Guaraná contains tetra methylxanthine (as much as 5.8%!), a compound almost identical to caffeine; it also contains large amounts of theophylline, theobromine, tannic acid and is rich in saponins. The fact that Guaraná seed is fatty means that even ground into a powder, it is not readily water soluble and therefore not quickly absorbed by the body. The caffeine is released slowly--over as much as 6 hours--so the energy boost that is experienced from Guaraná is not like that of coffee (with a sudden rush and quick drop-off), but continues to escalate over hours. The tannic acid is astringent and probably accounts for its use as a digestive tonic. The saponin content may be partially responsible for its long term effects (saponins are the agents responsible for the energizing effects of Ginseng when it is taken over long periods). Theobromine and theophylline are two constituents of Guaraná that educated chocoholics will recognize. Theophylline is a stronger stimulant than even caffeine, but it is present in smaller amounts than caffeine. Theobromine is the stimulant/euphoriant so craved by chocoholics; with all three of theobromine, theophylline, and caffeine present, it's not hard to see how the popularity of Guaraná has remained and grown since the 1600's!
What Is The Recommended Intake of Guarana?
None has been established, so start out small and increase as desired.
Chitosan HD, also known as "LipoSan Ultra"
What is Chitosan?
Significant attention has been given to the role of Chitosan as a cholesterol and lipid binding agent. Chitosan is produced by the hydrolysis of chitin, a naturally occurring polysaccharide that is a major component of shellfish shell. This fat binding, lipotropic, effect may be partially explained by both the positively charged sites along its polymeric structure and its flocculation and gelation properties in the gastrointestinal tract. Once gelled, Chitosan can encapsulate over four times its own weight of negatively charged lipids.
What is Chitosan HD™ / LipoSan Ultra™?
Chitosan HD™ / LipoSan Ultra™ is a new, ultra-dense form of Chitosan; the "HD" meaning "high density". According to research provided by the manufacturer, Chitosan HD™ has the ability to absorb 3 to 5 times the lipids of regular Chitosan. And, it is soluble in 3 to 5 minutes.
Chitosan HD is soluble in stomach acid and its amino groups become positively charged via proteination by the acid. In the presence of dietary fatty acids, which carry negative charges, ionic bonds form that bind the fatty acids to the Chitosan's amino groups.
As the soluble Chitosan/fatty acid complex moves into the small intestine, it also binds with bile acids and cholesterol that are present. The complex absorbs up to 400 times its weight in water and begins to floc due to the higher, less acidic pH in the small intestine. This flocculation further aids the binding process by trapping or encapsulating all of the bound lipids, including cholesterol.
As the pH continues to increase, Chitosan HD™ floc forms an insoluble gel consisting of Chitosan, bile acids, bound lipids and cholesterol--none of which enter the blood stream. Not only is cholesterol uptake decreased, but it is believed that the continuous partial removal of bile acids from circulation by Chitosan HD™ triggers the body to produce replacement bile acid via the oxidation of already absorbed cholesterol. This produces an additional reduction in low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels.
For these reasons, Chitosan has earned the reputation as THE premier lipid binder. Now Vanson researchers have been able to manufacturer Chitosan HD™ which has the ability to bind with almost three times as much lipid volume as compared to its predecessor. This new product is called Chitosan HD™ / LipoSan Ultra™.
How Can I Distinguish between High Density Chitosan and older Chitosan?
High Density Chitosan is more expensive. If a company is using it, they will brag about it. If they just say "Chitosan," it's not high density Chitosan HD™.
Important nutritional note for dieters
People need some fat in their diets, as we all need to ingest essential fatty acids, and the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K. For these reasons, we recommend against using these products before every meal, every day. Regular use of any product on this page should ideally be combined with a high-quality essential fatty acid product, and a multivitamin containing adequate amounts of fat soluble vitamins. Take these supplements at a different time from when you take Chitosan HD™.
What is L-Carnitine?
L-Carnitine is not an amino acid in the strict sense (it is not used as a neurotransmitter or in protein synthesis), however L-Carnitine bears many resemblances to amino acids and is usually grouped under this heading. L-Carnitine (the "L" refers to its chemical polarity) is used by the body to transport long chain fatty acids to the mitochondria in your cells, where they are burned for energy. Since this fat burning is such a major source of muscular energy, deficiencies in L-Carnitine are manifested as low energy levels and muscular weakness. L-Carnitine deficiencies can also appear as mental confusion or cloudiness, angina (heart pain) and weight gain.
Sources of L-Carnitine
L-Carnitine can be manufactured in the body provided the requisite vitamins and minerals are also present. These vitamins and minerals are B1, B6, C, and iron. The amino acids lysine and methionine are also needed for L-Carnitine synthesis. L-Carnitine is also present in meats and other animal foods, so if you are a vegetarian or vegan you may want to consider supplementing with L-Carnitine. This would be especially important if you are an athlete, since you are using lots of L-Carnitine during periods of exertion.1,2
More on L-Carnitine Deficiency
We know already that L-Carnitine deficiency, by denying the mitochondria the needed fatty acids, decreases energy output, but let's look at the other side of this energy equation. If you aren't burning fat, you must be storing it. This obviously leads to a variety of health problems, namely fatty build-ups. L-Carnitine supplementation can help prevent fatty build-ups in the heart and liver (especially likely if you are a regular consumer of alcoholic beverages). Putting it all together, L-Carnitine emerges as a great supplement: it helps increase energy, burn fat (making it excellent addition to a weight loss program), and supports heart and liver health all at the same time!
Who Needs L-Carnitine?
Simply: athletes, vegetarians and vegans, and anyone who wants to increase muscle strength and energy, and burn fat more efficiently - either to help lose weight or improve heart and liver health by preventing fatty buildups. L-Carnitine deficiency may also be implicated in diabetic cardiomyopathy,3 and seems to help people who have suffered congestive heart failure.4,5, L-Carnitine is well known to help in the treatment of angina pectoris, or heart pain (usually induced by physical stress).6-10
Attention dieters
Weight loss occurs when a person burns more calories than s/he ingests. Therefore, eating less, eating right, and exercising are essential to your weight loss program. Easier said than done! Additionally, it is important to focus on fat loss as opposed to just weight loss, since nobody has a reason to want to lose lean muscle tissue. The products we offer can be a valuable aid in your effort, if used responsibly. Our customers who heed this advice invariable succeed and often report to us that our products were helpful to them. Remember, it is impossible to "lose weight overnight" in a healthy manner. Permanent, healthy weight loss takes time and dedication. Good luck, we know you can do it!
Side Effects All the same precautions/hazards associated with coffee apply to Guarana. Anyone allergic to shellfish may be allergic to Chitosan HD™, as it is derived from shellfish. Remember that Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins. So, you need some fat in order to get these vitamins. With this in mind, we recommend that you do not use Chitosan HD more than once a day, preferably prior to your heaviest meal, and consider taking a multivitamin. See the nutritional note.
Label Facts
Phase 2® Starch Blocker, 600mg, 90 Capsules:
Supplement Facts Serving Size: 2 Capsules Servings per container: 45
Other ingredients: Cellulose (plant fiber), vegetable stearate.
Guarana Seed, 400mg, 180 Capsules:
Supplement Facts Serving Size: 2 Capsules Servings per container: 90
Amount Per Serving
% Daily Value
Guarana Seed Extract (standardized to 22% caffeine)
800 mg
†
†Daily value not established.
Other ingredients: Cellulose (plant fiber), stearic acid (vegetable source).
High Density Chitosan, 500mg, 120 Capsules:
Supplement Facts Serving Size: 4 Capsules Servings per container: 30
Amount Per Serving
% Daily Value
Chitosan HD (LipoSan Ultra™)
2000 mg
†
†Daily value not established.
Other ingredients: Cellulose (plant fiber), stearic acid (vegetable source), and magnesium stearate (vegetable source).
L-Carnitine Fumarate, 500mg, 100 Capsules:
Supplement Facts Serving Size: 2 Capsules Servings per container: 50
Amount Per Serving
% Daily Value
L-Carnitine Fumarate
1000 mg
†
†Daily value not established.
Other ingredients: Cellulose (plant fiber), white rice flour, silicon dioxide (flow agents).
References
Phaseolamin Phase 2™ and Phaseolus Extract References & Additional Resources
Bo-Linn, G.W., et al., Starch blockers--their effect on calorie absorption from a high-starch meal. N Engl J Med, 1982. 307(23): p. 1413-6.
Layer, P., G.L. Carlson, and E.P. DiMagno, Partially purified white bean amylase inhibitor reduces starch digestion in vitro and inactivates intraduodenal amylase in humans. Gastroenterology, 1985. 88(6): p. 1895-902.
Phaseolamin Phase 2™ and Phaseolus Extract Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trials
Investigation of the efficacy of Phase 2™ . Joe A. Vinson, Ph.D. Department of Chemistry University of Scranton
Summary of clinical study evaluating effectiveness of Phase 2™. Dr. R. Ballerini, Managing Director of Pharmeceutical Development and Service srl. Milano, Italy
In vivo effectiveness of a starch absorption blocker in a double-blind placebo-controlled study with normal college-age subjects. Joe A. Vinson, PhD and Donna M. Shuta, BS Department of Chemistry University of Scranton Scranton, PA 18510
In vivo effectiveness of a starch absorption blocker in a double-blind placebo-controlled study with normal subjects. Joe A. Vinson, PhD, Donna M. Shuta, BS and Hassan Al Kharrat, MS Department of Chemistry University of Scranton Scranton, PA 18510
Anderson, J. W. (1995). "Dietary fibre, complex carbohydrate and coronary artery disease." Can J Cardiol 11 Suppl G: 55G-62G.
Anderson, J. W., S. Riddell-Mason, N. J. Gustafson, S. F. Smith and M. Mackey (1992). "Cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium-enriched cereal as an adjunct to a prudent diet in the treatment of mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia." Am J Clin Nutr 56(1): 93-8.
Bell, L. P., K. J. Hectorn, H. Reynolds and D. B. Hunninghake (1990). "Cholesterol-lowering effects of soluble-fiber cereals as part of a prudent diet for patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia." Am J Clin Nutr 52(6): 1020-6.
Delargy, H. J., K. R. O'Sullivan, R. J. Fletcher and J. E. Blundell (1997). "Effects of amount and type of dietary fibre (soluble and insoluble) on short-term control of appetite." Int J Food Sci Nutr 48(1): 67-77.
Han, L. K., Y. Kimura and H. Okuda (1999). "Reduction in fat storage during chitin-chitosan treatment in mice fed a high-fat diet." Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 23(2): 174-9.
Hicks, V. A., S. C. Chen and D. Kritchevsky (1995). "The cholesterol-lowering properties of a psyllium-based breakfast cereal in hamsters." Artery 21(6): 352-61.
Kritchevsky, D., S. A. Tepper and D. M. Klurfeld (1995). "Influence of psyllium preparations on plasma and liver lipids of cholesterol-fed rats." Artery 21(6): 303-11.
Neal, G. W. and T. K. Balm (1990). "Synergistic effects of psyllium in the dietary treatment of hypercholesterolemia." South Med J 83(10): 1131-7.
Roberts, D. C., A. S. Truswell, A. Bencke, H. M. Dewar and E. Farmakalidis (1994). "The cholesterol-lowering effect of a breakfast cereal containing psyllium fibre." Med J Aust 161(11-12): 660-4.
Rodriguez-Moran, M., F. Guerrero-Romero and G. Lazcano-Burciaga (1998). "Lipid- and glucose-lowering efficacy of Plantago Psyllium in type II diabetes." J Diabetes Complications 12(5): 273-8.
Tai, E. S., A. C. Fok, R. Chu and C. E. Tan (1999). "A study to assess the effect of dietary supplementation with soluble fibre (Minolest) on lipid levels in normal subjects with hypercholesterolaemia." Ann Acad Med Singapore 28(2): 209-13.
Turnbull, W. H. and H. G. Thomas (1995). "The effect of a Plantago ovata seed containing preparation on appetite variables, nutrient and energy intake." Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 19(5): 338-42.
Wuolijoki, E., T. Hirvela and P. Ylitalo (1999). "Decrease in serum LDL cholesterol with microcrystalline chitosan." Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 21(5): 357-61.
Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trials As Cited at http://www.vanson.com/nut/lipo_tech.html
Abelin Jan and Lassus Allan. Ars Medicina, Helsinki, Finland. October 1994.
Ernst, E. and Pittler, M.H., Perfusion, 11, 1998, 461-465.
Giustina A. and Ventura P. Acta Toxical. Ther., Vol. XVI, no. 4. Oct./Dec. 1995. P. 199.
Krotkiewski, M, Zahorska-Markiewicz, B, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, Zurakowski, A, Chitosan as an adjunct to dietary treatment of obesity. (Abstract) 3rd International Symposium on Chitin Anzymology and 4th Conference of the European Chitin Society, May 6-10, 2001, Senigallia, Italy.
Sciutto A.M. and Colombo P. Acta Toxical. Ther., Vol. XVI, no. 4. Oct./Dec. 1995. P. 215.
Yuji Maezaki, Keisuke Tsuji, Yasue Nakagawa et al. Biosc. Biotech. Biochem., Vol. 57, no. 9. 1993. P. 1439-1444.
Andersen, T. and J. Fogh (2001). "Weight loss and delayed gastric emptying following a South American herbal preparation in overweight patients." J Hum Nutr Diet 14(3): 243-50.
Boozer, C. N., J. A. Nasser, S. B. Heymsfield, V. Wang, G. Chen and J. L. Solomon (2001). "An herbal supplement containing Ma Huang-Guarana for weight loss: a randomized, double-blind trial." Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 25(3): 316-24.
Galduroz, J. C. and E. A. Carlini (1996). "The effects of long-term administration of guarana on the cognition of normal, elderly volunteers." Rev Paul Med 114(1): 1073-8.
Galduroz, J. C. and A. Carlini Ede (1994). "Acute effects of the Paulinia cupana, "Guarana" on the cognition of normal volunteers." Rev Paul Med 112(3): 607-11.
L Carnitine References / Additional Resources
Arenas J, Ricoy JR, Encinas AR, Pola P, D'Iddio S, Zeviani M, Didonato S, Corsi M. Carnitine in muscle, serum, and urine of nonprofessional athletes: effects of physical exercise, training, and L-carnitine administration. Muscle Nerve 1991 Jul;14(7):598-604
Nuesch R, Rossetto M, Martina B. Plasma and urine carnitine concentrations in well-trained athletes at rest and after exercise. Influence of L-carnitine intake. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1999;25(4):167-71.
Malone JI, Schocken DD, Morrison AD, Gilbert-Barness E. Diabetic cardiomyopathy and carnitine deficiency. J Diabetes Complications 1999 Mar-Apr;13(2):86-90.
K L Goa and R N Brogden. L-carnitine--a preliminary review of its pharmacokinetics, and its therapeutic use in ischemic cardiac disease and primary and secondary carnitine deficiencies in relationship to its role in fatty acid metabolism. Drugs 34 1987:1-24.
M Mancini et al. Controlled study on the therapeutic efficacy of propionyl-L-carnitine in patients with congestive heart failure. Arzneim Forsch 42 1992:1101-4.
Cacciatore L, Cerio R, Ciarimboli M, Cocozza M, Coto V, D'Alessandro A, D'Alessandro L, Grattarola G, Imparato L, Lingetti M, et al. The therapeutic effect of L-carnitine in patients with exercise-induced stable angina: a controlled study. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1991;17(4):225-35.
Bartels GL, Remme WJ, Pillay M, Schonfeld DH, Kruijssen DA. Effects of L-propionylcarnitine on ischemia-induced myocardial dysfunction in men with angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1994 Jul 15;74(2):125-30.
Kamikawa T, Suzuki Y, Kobayashi A, Hayashi H, Masumura Y, Nishihara K, Abe M, Yamazaki N. Effects of L-carnitine on exercise tolerance in patients with stable angina pectoris. Jpn Heart J 1984 Jul;25(4):587-97.
Cherchi A, Lai C, Angelino F, Trucco G, Caponnetto S, Mereto PE, Rosolen G, Manzoli U, Schiavoni G, Reale A, et al. Effects of L-carnitine on exercise tolerance in chronic stable angina: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled crossover study. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1985 Oct;23(10):569-72.
Bartels GL, Remme WJ, Holwerda KJ, Kruijssen DA. Anti-ischaemic efficacy of L-propionylcarnitine--a promising novel metabolic approach to ischaemia? Eur Heart J 1996 Mar;17(3):414-20.
Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trials
Barker, G. A., S. Green, C. D. Askew, A. A. Green and P. J. Walker (2001). "Effect of propionyl-L-carnitine on exercise performance in peripheral arterial disease." Med Sci Sports Exerc 33(9): 1415-22.
Benvenga, S., R. M. Ruggeri, A. Russo, D. Lapa, A. Campenni and F. Trimarchi (2001). "Usefulness of L-carnitine, a naturally occurring peripheral antagonist of thyroid hormone action, in iatrogenic hyperthyroidism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial." J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86(8): 3579-94.
Brass, E. P., S. Adler, K. E. Sietsema, W. R. Hiatt, A. M. Orlando and A. Amato (2001). "Intravenous L-carnitine increases plasma carnitine, reduces fatigue, and may preserve exercise capacity in hemodialysis patients." Am J Kidney Dis 37(5): 1018-28.
Center, S. A., J. Harte, D. Watrous, A. Reynolds, T. D. Watson, P. J. Markwell, D. S. Millington, P. A. Wood, A. E. Yeager and H. N. Erb (2000). "The clinical and metabolic effects of rapid weight loss in obese pet cats and the influence of supplemental oral L-carnitine." J Vet Intern Med 14(6): 598-608.
Colonna, P. and S. Iliceto (2000). "Myocardial infarction and left ventricular remodeling: results of the CEDIM trial. Carnitine Ecocardiografia Digitalizzata Infarto Miocardico." Am Heart J 139(2 Pt 3): S124-30.
Hiatt, W. R., J. G. Regensteiner, M. A. Creager, A. T. Hirsch, J. P. Cooke, J. W. Olin, G. N. Gorbunov, J. Isner, Y. V. Lukjanov, M. S. Tsitsiashvili, T. F. Zabelskaya and A. Amato (2001). "Propionyl-L-carnitine improves exercise performance and functional status in patients with claudication." Am J Med 110(8): 616-22.
Iyer, R., A. Gupta, A. Khan, S. Hiremath and Y. Lokhandwala (1999). "Does left ventricular function improve with L-carnitine after acute myocardial infarction?" J Postgrad Med 45(2): 38-41.
Loster, H., K. Miehe, M. Punzel, O. Stiller, H. Pankau and J. Schauer (1999). "Prolonged oral L-carnitine substitution increases bicycle ergometer performance in patients with severe, ischemically induced cardiac insufficiency." Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 13(6): 537-46.
Rizos, I. (2000). "Three-year survival of patients with heart failure caused by dilated cardiomyopathy and L-carnitine administration." Am Heart J 139(2 Pt 3): S120-3.
Rubin, M. R., J. S. Volek, A. L. Gomez, N. A. Ratamess, D. N. French, M. J. Sharman and W. J. Kraemer (2001). "Safety measures of L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation in healthy men." J Strength Cond Res 15(4): 486-90.
Scarpini, E., G. Sacilotto, P. Baron, M. Cusini and G. Scarlato (1997). "Effect of acetyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of painful peripheral neuropathies in HIV+ patients." J Peripher Nerv Syst 2(3): 250-2.
Sirtori, C. R., L. Calabresi, S. Ferrara, F. Pazzucconi, A. Bondioli, D. Baldassarre, A. Birreci and A. Koverech (2000). "L-carnitine reduces plasma lipoprotein(a) levels in patients with hyper Lp(a)." Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 10(5): 247-51.
Sorbi, S., P. Forleo, C. Fani and S. Piacentini (2000). "Double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial with L- acetylcarnitine in patients with degenerative cerebellar ataxia." Clin Neuropharmacol 23(2): 114-8.
Turpeinen, A. K., J. T. Kuikka, E. Vanninen, J. Yang and M. I. Uusitupa (2000). "Long-term effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on myocardial 123I-MIBG uptake in patients with diabetes." Clin Auton Res 10(1): 13-6.
Volek, J. S., W. J. Kraemer, M. R. Rubin, A. L. Gomez, N. A. Ratamess and P. Gaynor (2002). "L-Carnitine L-tartrate supplementation favorably affects markers of recovery from exercise stress." Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 282(2): E474-82.
This website and these statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Please consult a properly trained medical practitioner for medical advice.
As it turns out, according to subsequent research,2 the reason why alpha-amylase inhibitors work in vitro but not very well in vivo is that they have only weak inhibiting ability. However, partially purified extracts (around 30-40 times the concentration of previously available commercial preparations) of Phaseolus vulgaris (white kidney beans) are stable in the stomach and based on current evidence do seem to slow or hinder the absorption of carbohydrate-based calories. One such product is Phaseolamin Phase 2™. 
